Linear regression coefficients (B) and 95% CI for the associations between structural racism indicators and the absolute and relative racial inequity in IMR across all study counties and by urban–rural areas in the USA, 2013–2017
| Absolute racial inequities in IMR (black–white IMR difference) | Relative racial inequities in IMR (black/white IMR ratio) | |||
| B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | |
| All counties (n=1221) | ||||
| Educational attainment | 1.68* | (0.56 to 2.79) | 0.46* | (0.17 to 0.75) |
| Median household income | 1.11† | (0.26 to 1.96) | 0.33* | (0.11 to 0.55) |
| Jail incarceration rate | 1.16† | (0.05 to 2.27) | 0.40* | (0.19 to 0.61) |
| Overall structural racism | 1.84* | (0.83 to 2.85) | 0.49* | (0.23 to 0.75) |
| Urban counties (n=775) | ||||
| Educational attainment | 1.44* | (0.39 to 2.48) | 0.46* | (0.17 to 0.75) |
| Median household income | 1.32* | (0.51 to 2.12) | 0.33* | (0.11 to 0.55) |
| Jail incarceration rate | 1.60* | (0.66 to 2.54) | 0.40* | (0.19 to 0.61) |
| Overall structural racism | 1.77* | (0.74 to 2.79) | 0.49* | (0.23 to 0.75) |
| Rural counties (n=436) | ||||
| Educational attainment | 1.59 | (−1.57 to 4.75) | 0.08 | (−0.36 to 0.51) |
| Median household income | −0.04 | (−2.79 to 2.71) | 0.17 | (−0.34 to 0.68) |
| Jail incarceration rate | 2.39 | (−0.33 to 5.10) | 0.37 | (0.18 to 0.92) |
| Overall structural racism | 2.72 | (−0.35 to 5.79) | 0.52 | (−0.09 to 1.12) |
*P<0.01.
†P<0.05.
B, linear regression coefficient adjusting for county-level poverty, population with a bachelor’s degree or higher, and county incarceration rate; CI, confidence intervals; IMR, infant mortality rate.